Ethnicity in africa pdf latitude

Contrasting patterns of y chromosome and mtdna variation. Currently, africa has 54 sovereign states with diversity amongst them and their people or citizenry. Jun 23, 2017 the study demonstrated ethnicity specific clustering of microbial communities in saliva and subgingival biofilms and using a machinelearning classifier, it had been possible to identify an individuals ethnicity from subgingival microbial signatures with a 100% sensitivity and 74% specificity in african american, 67 and 80% in latinos and 50. Ethnic groups and boundaries by fredrik barth introduction this collection of essays addresses itself to the problems of ethnic groups and their persistence. It is not clear that ethnicity by itself generates conflict or that it is inherently threatening.

Humanity is born in africa, africans travel the world. The population of those countries which fitted neatly into a latitude band were summed. The african majority is composed of many different ethnic groups, the largest of which are zulu, xhosa, tswana, and bapedi. Subsaharan africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of africa that lies south of the. To determine the prevalence of glaucoma in an urban west african population of adults. Conventional wisdom suggests that ethnicity is phenomenally problematic in africa it is held partly responsible for the irrationalities of the development project, for political instability and weak national identity.

It is the embodiment of values, institutions, and patterns of behavior, a composite whole representing a peoples historical experience, aspirations, and world view. Now, before one jumps to the conclusion that all conflict in africa is ethnically motivated, conflict events often occur near rivers or state boundaries that are set by rivers so it is no surprise that these maps might match up. The impact of slave trade on current civil conflict in sub. The identified diversities are ethnicity, culture, race, ethnicity, language, socioeconomic or class and religion. However, the sources of this diversity remain unexplained, which is surprising in light of africas high level of ethnic. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. Prevalence of glaucoma in an urban west african population. Extremely detailed ethnolinguistic map of africa and surrounding regions map of africa using ethnically drawn borders this map was drawn to a simple grid pattern of half an inch for each degree of latitude and longitude and.

This selfidentification is voluntary and your decision to complete it will not in any way affect your employment or result in adverse treatment. This study evaluates the relative divisiveness of ethnicity and religion as political identities in west africa. Horowitz decades after the recognition that ethnicity is a powerful force in the politics of many countries, with profound effects on prospects for democracy horowitz 1993. Western nilotic language groups include the acholi, langi, alur, and several smaller ethnic groups. The direct detrimental impact of slave trade on africa is a largescale population decline. Media in category old maps of africa the following 200 files are in this category, out of 211 total. We show that ethnic diversity within africa is a result of its low latitudes, the pre colonial slave trade, the creation of large colonial states and low levels of. At the 2001 census, the final declared total for resident citizens in south africa was 44,819,778. While ethnic diversity in africa has been traced to factors such as low latitudes, the precolonial slave trade, the creation of large colonial states. Africa is the secondlargest and second most populous continent on earth with an estimated population in 2016 of 1.

Latitude and longitude of worlds largest cities infoplease. This conceptual paper investigates areas of diversity among africans, and how can africans minimize diversity in order to forge. With the highest number of successful information technology companies in africa, cape town is an important centre for the industry on the continent. By january 2016, 20 centres from five continents were participating. Thank you for visiting the 6th grade social studies site. African countries united nations economic commission for africa. Race, class, ethnicity and the state in south africa central to an analysis and assessment of race, class and ethnicity in south africa is the character, place and role of the state, that omnipresent institu tion which appears everywhere, regulating the condition of the lives of peo ple from the cradle to the grave. From the definition above by nnoli, ethnicity exists where the communal groups comprise either of. The two most striking highlands are in ethiopia and kenya, respectively, where large areas reach elevations of 6,500 to 10,000 feet 2,000 to 3,000 metres. Ethnic diversity and economic performance harvard dash. As a government contractor, latitude 36 is required to invite applicants to selfidentify their gender, race and ethnicity. Summary statistics summary statistics for the slave trade and trust variables are reported in table 11.

Rather less attention has been paid, however, to the conceptual relationships between the human groups defined through such analyses, in africa and elsewhere. Evidence for selection human evolution revised april 2018. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the question. A map showing the four countries of the horn of africa. First, britain adopted a divide and rule strategy in which ethnic identities played a central role. This discussion hinges on the notion that subsaharan africa s development problems cannot be divorced from the negative ramifications of ethnicity. This is an oversimplified crash course in why race and ethnicity and ancestry in general are usually screwy concepts to use as classifiers of people on wikipedia. Design and setting a populationbased, crosssectional study of adults 40 years and older conducted from september 1, 2006, through december 31, 2008, from 5 communities in tema, ghana. Today, we know the countries of the horn of africa as djibouti, ethiopia, eritrea, and somalia. Rather than see this as an impediment to development, the continent should take advantage of this rich cultural diversity in its quest for economic development and should change the attitudes of its people. Lines of latitude are measured from zero to 90 degrees north latitude. The first one is the uppsala conflict data program ucdp georeferenced events dataset version 17. Contrasting patterns of y chromosome and mtdna variation in africa.

Africa, the secondlargest continent, is bounded by the mediterranean sea, the red sea, the indian ocean, and the atlantic ocean. Those who live in uganda constitute less than 1% of the population. Perhaps the most striking result of this research has been cavallisforza, menozzi, and piazzas the history and geography of human genes. The following table lists the latitude and longitude coordinates of major world cities in alphabetical order by city name. The burden of malaria in africa about 90% of all malaria deaths in the world today occur in africa south of the sahara. The words braaivleis, rugby, sunshine and chevrolet come from a song in a radio and television advertisement that became very popular amongst south africans, especially the.

Prevalence of vitamin d deficiency among turkish, moroccan. Subsaharan africa has a wide variety of climate zones or biomes. This paper pursues an inquiry into the relationship between ethnicity and development in the largest authoritarian country in the contemporary world, the peoples republic of china. South africa and the democratic republic of the congo in particular are considered megadiverse countries. Map of africa using ethnically drawn borders this map was drawn to a simple grid pattern of half an inch for each degree of latitude and longitude and the british sign language or bsl is the sign language that is used widely by the people in the united kingdom. Other lines of latitude are called parallels because they are parallel to the equator. You can use this page to access homework assignments, cool geography websites, and upcoming assessments dates.

When colonists came to the new world, they found a land that did not need discovering since it was already occupied. Both ethnic political movements and territorial nationalism in africa are of the same recent historical origins. South africa latitude, longitude, absolute and relative. Even small mistakes can be distracting and even unintentionally insultingthings serious writers. Africa is a vast continent with diversity of cultures. All the other populations of the world can be seen as a subset of africans every human trait found elsewhere can also be found in africa, with the exception of a few recent variations favored by the environment or. Peoples of africa an ethnolinguistic atlas of africa edited by marc leo felix, director of the congo basin art history research center, brussels. However, humans have inhabited the horn of africa for thousands of years some evidence dates. Latitude and longitude lines of latitude are measured north and south of the equator. This is not the case, however, in latin america, where characteristics typically used to distinguish between ethnic groups are racial in nature. Third, we will see that both nationalism and ethnicity in africa share a common origin and focus on grasping control of the state apparatus that reinforces rather than undermines the salience of the nationstate.

Eastern africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. It is divided in half almost equally by the equator. I show that ethnic diversity within africa is a result of its low latitudes, the pre colonial slave trade, the creation of large. It has a dry winter season and a wet summer season. Apply theories of intergroup relations, race, and ethnicity to different subordinate groups. Practically all anthropological reasoning rests on the premise that cultural variation is discontinuous. The question of the place and role of race, class and ethnicity has been. South africa population 2020 demographics, maps, graphs. Rather than see this as an impediment to development, the continent should take advantage of this rich cultural diversity in its quest for economic development and should change the attitudes of its people towards work, interpersonal trust, time, youth and women. The kakwa occupy a region of extreme northwestern uganda that borders southern sudan and northeastern zaire. All modern humans originated from africa, and we spent most of our evolution as a species together there. Results the vitamin d status of immigrant populations in. The clustering corresponded closely with ethnicity, culture and language.

Pdf on sep 21, 2017, jose g montalvo and others published. I show that ethnic diversity within africa is a result of its low latitudes, the precolonial slave trade, the creation of large. Ghobarah, huth and russett 2004 also find ethnic diversity to be associated with lower public health spending as a percentage of gdp, and to. This is because the majority of infections in africa are caused by plasmodium falciparum. African countries with the worst indicator 12 figure 10. Ethnicity climate precipitation vegetation physical political knowledge map of columbuss time map of the world today gis geographic information systems place names formosa, taiwan, republic of china palestine, israel, west bank, gaza boundaries africa. Africa, theories that focus on qualities that are more common to african states than states from other regions e. Cities of the middle east and north africa is a truly unique and fascinating resource for historical, socioeconomic, and cultural information on the major cities of the north african and arab worlds. Influence of geolocation and ethnicity on the phenotypic.

We use two data sources to construct conflict indicators. Together they comprise about 15% of the population. The slave trade and the origins of mistrust in africa. Page 2 of 4 activity educator materials alternatively, you may want to project the figures and examine them together as a class and then let students. Structure and strategy in ethnic conflict donald l.

Ethnicity and religion as sources of political division in africa john f. Evs integrated survey reports ethnicities as whiteblack. Gains and losses in life expectancy at age 15 in selected african countries 19801985 to 20102015 figure 11. Main ethnics white people live mainly in rsa, zimbabwe mugabe. This dataset was created as part of the africamap project by scanning and georeferencing the peoples of africa atlas by marc felix. There are few situations where word choice matters more than in discussions of race and ethnicity. This is an introductory course that begins with the origins of human life in.

Daniel tetteh osabukle carleton university, canada africa is a bright continent with adequate material resources for potential autocentric development but after decades of independence, africa remains the least developed continent in the world. Such topics are often politicallycharged minefields of taut emotions and flared tempers. The sahel extends across all of africa at a latitude of about 10 to 15 n. As a contribution to this task, this data project georeferences ethnic groups around the world. This is partly because of the tendency to view ethnic difference as a major cause or driver of civil wars or political instability in africa. Africas physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. Strict division of south africans by race, ethnicity, and nationality was for years one of the countrys most unwanted claims to fame. And lowincome nations coming out of conflict situations usually have. We show that ethnic diversity within africa is a result of its low latitudes, the precolonial slave trade, the creation of large colonial states and low levels of.

Ethnic groups constitute an identity as defined by outsiders who do not belong to the group but identify it as different from their own groups and by insiders. In terms of population density, that equated to 41. The role of culture in africas development pambazuka news. Conflict and state security in the horn of africa 43 1981 to resist authoritarianism and brutality against the deprived people. South africas population of forty million is threequarters black african and about 15% white european, with the remaining 10% comprised of people of mixed white, malayan, and black descent and people of asian mostly indian descent. Working paper series explaining african ethnic diversity lse. Geography, ethnicity or subsistencespecific variations in. Ethnic integration and development in china sciencedirect. Fourth, i argue that neoliberal reforms of the state and market have led to significant political.

The challenge of ethnicity in africa ethnicity is more than skin color or physical characteristics, more than language, song, and dance. In what way does ethnicity play a role in geography answers. Race and ethnicity in the united states introduction to. What this means is that the deepest splits in the human family arent between what are usually thought of as. Countries that include parts of the sahara desert proper in their northern territories and.

Theres no scientific basis for raceits a madeup label. In this paper we argue that anyone concerned with truth and accuracy should avoid the term tribe in. The burden of malaria in africa distribution of endemic malaria. African conflict and the murdock map of ethnic boundaries. Looking closely at the map, one can see that conflicts events largely occur within murdocks ethnic boundaries. Relying on maps and data drawn from the classical soviet atlas narodov mira, the georeferencing of ethnic groups greg dataset employs geographic information systems gis to represent group territories as polygons. This is true, for example, in africa, where racial or physical criteria are seldom used to dene ethnic groups. Jul 24, 2018 the horn of africa is a peninsula in northeast africa.

Global voices stands out as one of the earliest and strongest examples of how media committed to building community and defending human rights can positively influence how people experience events happening beyond their own communities and national borders please consider making a donation to help us continue this work. Hannah rosen, jayati lal, jim hansell, and jane hassinger, among others, helped me to think more critically, and to make the connections between feminist theories, scholarship, and. Ethnicity and religion as sources of political division in africa. The 1890 census, in turn, classified the population using terms such. Africa ethnicity africa variety of races, languages and religions important influence on economic and political affairs. From the tragedy of africa to social problems of american cities, the effects of racial. Gender differences in life expectancy at age 15 for selected african countries 20102015 14 figure 12. Ethnicity, cultural diversity and poverty in south africa. In the east, malaria is endemic in madagascar, in the comoro islands both the islamic federal republic of the comoros and the french territorial collectivity of mayotte, 1. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. As of 2016, the total population of africa is estimated at 1. Africas total land area is approximately 11,724,000 square miles 30,365,000 square km, and the continent measures about 5,000 miles 8,000 km from north to south and.

Compare and contrast the different experiences of various ethnic groups in the united states. Twin parallel rift valleys that are part of the east african rift system run through the. Negroes largest racial group, most of the continent south of the sahara. Ethnicity, cultural diversity and poverty are as much part of south african society as braaivleis, rugby, sunshine and chevrolet. Vitamin d deficiency has been described as being pandemic, but serum 25hydroxyvitamin d 25ohd distribution data for the european union are of very variable quality. The failure of the opposition to fill the power vacuum left behind by siad barre after his flight into exile in 1991 marked the beginning of disintegration of somalia. North africa can supply labor and oil, has high levels of unemployment, and suffers from poor economic conditions. Its limits will however become immediately obvious for it does not attempt to provide a detailed and exhaustive analysis of these concepts and socioeconomic and political dimensions in south africa.

Once they start, conflicts and wars in africa tend to last many years before peace is restored. Tribalism and ethnicity in africa 307 african and asian states, which combines primordialist and historical political arguments has been particularly influential, however. For more world locations, use the find latitude and longitude tool. The study demonstrated ethnicityspecific clustering of microbial communities in saliva and subgingival biofilms and using a machinelearning classifier, it had been possible to identify an individuals ethnicity from subgingival microbial signatures with a 100% sensitivity and 74% specificity in african american, 67 and 80% in latinos and 50. It is even referred to as the dark continent and african peoples no. The dam is the main source of water for the municipality of mossel bay as well as the gastoliquids refinery petrosa. You can see from this map alone, how diverse africa is not only as a continent but as individual countries as well. South africans cheer at a world cup game in johannesburg. Africa, the second largest continent, covering about onefifth of the total land surface of earth. Europe is the core economic region, and north africa is the peripheral economic region. South africa is bordered by botswana, lesotho, mozambique, namibia, swaziland and zimbabwe. Differing for better application dental press j orthod 122 2010 mayjune.

Annex 4 who subregions by latitude the population of each region was divided according to 10 degree bands of latitude 010, 1020, 2030, 3040, 4050, 5060, 6070. Ethnicity and nation building in contemporary africa. According to geertz, it was only in the context of economic and poli tical modemization that ethnicity became a virulent idiom for defen. Wikipedia is a bad place to engage in labelling that isnt absolutely integral to international public perception of the subject. Wolwedans dam is a concrete dam in south africa located on the great brak river near mossel bay, western cape, south africa. This is a theme of great, but neglected, importance to social anthropology. According to geertz, it was only in the context of economic and poli. Africa action rethinking the use of tribe in the african context can support a discourse on africa grounded in african realities that escapes the intellectual laziness of a term that has no coherent meaning. The pygmies of central africa also have a very long history as a distinct group. African colonial history suggests that british colonial rule may have. If we go by nnolis position, tribalism which has to do with a tribe is only an element that could constitute ethnicity hence ethnicity in this case is wider in context than tribalism. Located south of the equator, on the southern tip of africa, south africa is in both the eastern and southern hemispheres.